Bubbler

Bubbler is an agitator that uses compressed air or steam. When the compressed air or steam is passed into the liquid, the stirring effect occurs because of the bubbler. The glass bubbler placed in the liquid is usually composed of a horizontal straight tube or ring tube, with 3-6 mm holes in the tube, compressed air, or steam escaping from the holes that bubble the stirring liquid. This equipment is simple and especially suitable for chemically corrosive liquids. However, the mixing efficiency is low, consuming more power, and care must be taken that the liquid does not interact with air or steam to avoid losses.

A bubbler is a device that agitates a fluid with a high-velocity gas. Usually, the air is introduced when using a bubbler. Note that direct steam can be introduced only when it is necessary to heat and the stirred material is not afraid of water dilution. The glass bubbler is generally made of a tube with a diameter of 25~50mm. Its lower part is bent into a ring or rectangular shape and rests on top of the bottom of the vessel. The top of the tube is welded, and the bent part on the bottom is drilled with small holes of Φ3~6mm, to make more than the tube resistance and liquid column resistance of compressed air into the liquid. The small bubbles coming out of the fine holes pass through all the liquid for strong mixing. The bubbler is more suitable for large container stirring occasions, and corrosive media stirring occasions. The disadvantage of the bubbler is that the viscosity of the stirred medium cannot be too large (<0.2 Pa-s), and the stirring efficiency is low.

In general, anti-reverse treatment is required for gases with high solubility in a solution or when heating of the gas is sometimes required.

Gases with high solubility in water: HCl, SO3, SO2 (in), NH3

Gases with high solubility in bases: HCl, HNO3, SO3, SO2, CO2, Cl2, H2S　

For example, if Cl2 is prepared by absorption with water, there is no need to prevent back siphoning, but when NaOH is used for absorption, it is necessary to prevent back siphoning. Although there is no absolute standard for anti-back spray, it is used in experiments for safety reasons.

Back siphoning is caused by the fact that some gases are extremely soluble in water or react with a substance, which leads to a situation where the solution flows back into the device when the tail gas conduit comes into contact with the solution causing a rapid decrease in local pressure at the conduit. In the end, it affects the experiment and may even lead to a safety accident.

However, anti-reverse suction is one of the ways to optimize the experiment from a safety point of view. The presence or absence of anti-reverse suction does not generally affect the experimental phenomena.

That anti-backflow is actually to prevent the solution from flowing back into the experimental device, that specific anti-backflow has the following kinds.

The belly type is the upper part of a larger volume of space (the more used is a generally triangular funnel and spherical drying tube). When the water begins to reverse into the part, the beaker (or test tube) in the liquid level dropped significantly and below the funnel mouth (or the mouth of the tube). Due to gravity, the liquid flows back into the beaker (or test tube). So repeatedly, thus preventing the reverse absorption of the absorbent liquid, to achieve the effect of anti-reverse absorption.

The isolation type is isolated from the liquid absorber at the end of the tube. In this way, when the gas is absorbed, there will be no local pressure is too small, but play a role of anti-reverse suction.

This kind is the use of a larger volume of the container will be possible to reverse the liquid received to prevent access to the front-end device. The main difference between it and the belly type is that the liquid no longer flows back into the original container, but into a device that is filled in advance. Sometimes this device is also referred to as a safety bottle.

a. The main chamber is about 15 cm long and the bottom is connected to a thin neck with a volume of about 50 ml.

b. The top of the chamber is a 19/38 standard tapered mill fitting.

c. The piston bore is 2mm long with Teflon conical plugs and the outer diameter of its side arms is 7mm.

d. The diameter of all side tubes is 7mm.

e. The main chamber is supported by a fine glass rod skeleton between the main chamber and the side tubes; the rod is 1.5 cm long and 0.4 cm in diameter.

f. The bottom of the main chamber is a medium porous sintered glass disc, and the glass tube is 2.5 cm long from the piston.

Controlling the level of the bubbler is an important part of safe operation. In addition, it has a close relationship with the level of thermal efficiency and incinerator combustion, so it should be controlled properly.

If the liquid level is too low and the bubble pipe inserted into the liquid is too shallow, the heat utilization is not sufficient. If the high-temperature flue gas is not enough to carry out full heat exchange the thin red water will escape from the liquid surface, then the thin red water will occur when the specific gravity is low, and the gas phase temperature is a too high phenomenon. In serious cases, the bubble tube does not touch the liquid surface, and the flue gas directly from the bubbler chimney escape, so that the furnace pressure is greatly reduced while causing the bubbler chimney fire (because the normal operation of the gas will be liquid foam on the evaporation of residue accumulation in the chimney, in the above case, in the role of high-temperature flue gas caused by combustion). When this situation is found, the amount of dilute red water feed should be appropriately increased and adjusted to the normal liquid level.

If the liquid level is too high, the bubbler tube inserted into the liquid level is too deep. At this time, the resistance of the flue gas through the bubbler increases, then the bubbler can be found in the gas phase temperature decreases, and the incinerator furnace pressure increases. As the furnace pressure increases, the air volume into the incinerator will be reduced, which will cause incomplete combustion and furnace temperature drop. In serious cases, the furnace sulfonate and fuel cannot be burned promptly and gather up to a certain extent to produce an explosion, resulting in major accidents. Therefore, the bubbler liquid level should not be controlled too high.

From the above analysis, it is clear that the bubbler overflow pipe should be kept open. At the same time, it is necessary to frequently check the liquid level in the bubbler by the sight glass, as well as the gas-phase temperature and furnace pressure are normal. If you find that the overflow pipe blockage or liquid level is high, the gas phase temperature is low, the furnace pressure is high, etc., then you should promptly unclog the overflow pipe or appropriate to reduce the amount of dilute red water in the adjustment to normal.

The bubbler produces a lot of dark brown slag after some time, mainly composed of inorganic salts and incompletely burned carbon particles, which either sink at the bottom of the bubbler or float on the liquid surface. The amount of slag generated is related to the equipment and operation.

a. Heavy oil and concentrated red water atomization method. Heavy oil and concentrated red water with a spray gun into the incinerator for combustion, there can be two atomization methods, one is to use the higher pressure of compressed air will be sprayed into a fine mist of heavy oil and red water, while then use the blower to send air into the furnace for combustion, this method is called high-pressure atomization. With the use of high-pressure atomization due to the compressed air flow speed, easy to entrain the slag liquid foam into the bubbler, so that the bubbler in the slag increases. Another way is to use the wind of the blower or medium pressure fan to atomize the heavy oil and red water, this way is called low-pressure atomization or mechanical atomization. Due to the lower airflow velocity, furnace gas entrained in the slag liquid foam less, so less slag in the bubbler.

b. The combustion of the incinerator. If poor combustion in the incinerator, the flue gas is entrained in the carbon particles and other incomplete combustion of materials into the bubbler, so that the slag increases; in the opposite case, the slag is reduced.

c. The specific gravity of the concentrated red water. If the specific gravity of the concentrated red water is too large, such as more than 1.30, there will be solids precipitated, so the slag in the bubbler significantly increased.

d. In the glass bubbler, there is a section of the bubbler pipe on the liquid surface, the temperature of this section of the tube is very high, the liquid surface fluctuates when bubbling, and there is some liquid splashed on the wall of the tube, the organic matter in it is carbonized and becomes the slag in the bubbler.

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